Passive genotype correlation occurs when parents provide both genes and the environment to children, but the children have done nothing to elicit their parents’ responses. For example, parents who are verbally articulate may pass on their genes to their children. Because the parents are highly verbal they may also buy a lot of books. A significant correlation between children’s verbal ability and the number of books in their home is passive in that the child has done nothing to affect the presence of books.
Reactive genotype-environment correlation occurs when parents respond differently to children, depending on each child’s genotype and behavior. Some babies may love to be touched and cuddled; others are more aloof. Parents may start treating their children the same, but over time, because of the children’s different responses, they cuddle one much more than the other. As a result, differences in the children’s sociability grow.
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